Which of the following are the evidences of the phenomenon of continental drift?

The belt of ancient rocks from Brazil coast matches with those from Western Africa.

The gold deposits of Ghana are derived from the Brazil plateau when the two continents lay side by side.

The Gondwana system of sediments from India is known to have its counterparts in six different land masses of the Southern Hemisphere

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Question

Which of the following are the evidences of the phenomenon of continental drift?

The belt of ancient rocks from Brazil coast matches with those from Western Africa.
The gold deposits of Ghana are derived from the Brazil plateau when the two continents lay side by side.
The Gondwana system of sediments from India is known to have its counterparts in six different land masses of the Southern Hemisphere

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Accepted Answer

I, II and III Quick Verdict: All three statements are correct because they are the established geological evidences supporting Alfred Wegener's theory of Continental Drift. Thematic Discussion: Evidences of Continental Drift Imagine looking at a world map and noticing how neatly the coastlines of South America and Africa could puzzle-piece together. This observation is at the heart of Alfred Wegener's theory of Continental Drift, which suggests that our modern continents were once fused into a massive supercontinent before slowly drifting apart over millions of years. To prove this wasn't just a visual coincidence, geologists had to look for clues hidden deep within the Earth across vast oceans. When they examined the coastlines of Brazil and Western Africa, they found a continuous, matching belt of ancient rocks that line up perfectly, much like a torn newspaper page being put back together - hence, Statement I is correct. The story gets even more fascinating when you look at the rich gold deposits in Ghana. Strangely, the geological source veins for this gold don't exist in Africa at all; they are actually found across the Atlantic in the Brazil plateau. This "misplaced" gold is a dead giveaway that these two landmasses were physically connected when the deposits were originally formed. Hence, Statement II is correct. The base of the Gondwana rock system is primarily made up of tillites, i.e., a type of sedimentary rock born entirely from glacial activity. As the glaciers moved across the Gondwana landmass, they acted like nature's bulldozers while scraping, crushing, and carrying vast amounts of rock, gravel, and dirt along with them. When the glaciers eventually melted and retreated, they dumped this chaotic mixture of debris—known as glacial "till." Over millions of years, the intense pressure of the Earth compacted and cemented this loose debris into solid layers of rock, called tillite. Today we find this exactly same sequence of tillite rock beds scattered across distant regions: India, Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, Madagascar, and the Falkland Islands. This proves that they were once together. Hence, Statement III is also correct. (Refer to Chapter 4 'Distribution of Oceans and Continents' in the 11th Class NCERT book “Fundamentals Of Physical Geography”)